Standardized Testing And The Classroom Environment

My English class when I was a high school junior was characterized by exactly what people complain about when they belittle standardized testing and the classroom environment it creates. Namely in the area of teaching to and gaming the standardized tests. New York had used its state based and standardized Regents curriculum for the entire time I was in my pre-college education and the peak of the English Language Arts curriculum was in my junior year of high school. To pass high school and get your diploma, the state mandated that you take and pass your English 11 Regents exam. It focused on general multiple choice questions based off of randomly selected passages, short answer questions, and one longer critical lens essay. The only part of the exam that used information taught in the classroom was the critical lens essay in which you had to take two works of literature that you have read and use them to analyze a given quote. Because of how important this exam was, it was offered tw ice in the year for us (which was unheard of in other classes) once in January and once in June. About a month and a half before the January test, my teacher stopped everything we were doing and went into â€Å"test prep mode†. This meant that all class time and activities were purely devoted to running through different parts of the test repeatedly until we effectively had memorized how to do that part of the test. After learning the layout of the multiple-choice section for theShow MoreRelatedStudent Assessment - The Importance of Standardized Testing Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe point here is that standardized testing is necessary to evaluate students and programs achievement or ability. In my opinion it is a good basic start to understanding the development of human- kind in many aspects. For example, in a school setting, standardizing tests are used to measure developmental stages or reading levels, just to name a few. School Psychologist and Counselors use standa rdizing testing to look at the development of students. They will agree severe disabilities to be initiallyRead MoreThe Limitations Of Standardized Testing Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesThe limitations of â€Å"standardized testing† as a rigid and narrow criterion for gauging the educational capabilities of students in public education. The criterion for standardized testing relies on narrow areas of knowledge that define a hierarchical imposition of â€Å"intelligence† testing that forces the student to perform ion a constrained academic environment. This type of testing has become a mechanized tool to reject the individual needs of the student in a linear testing methodology. The importanceRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Standardized Testing1120 Words   |  5 Pagesadverse effects of standardized testing.† Testing has evolved over time from basic reading, writing, and arithmetic to curriculum based on standardized testing such as the ACT, SAT, and TCAP. Man y years ago, students did not have to take as many tests, and there were not as many opportunities for different types of classes. Schools have evolved as standardized test evolved, and this has forced teachers to evolve as well. As time progressed, the frequency of these standardized test increased and theRead MoreStandardized Testing Should Be Standardized Tests1329 Words   |  6 PagesPretty much everybody in this generation has taken a standardized test in some level of schooling. A standardized test is defined as a â€Å"test that requires all test takers to answer the same questions, or a selection of questions from a common bank of questions, in the same way, and that is scored in a standard or consistent manner, which makes it possible to compare the relative performance of individual students or groups of students† (â€Å"Standardized Test Definition†). There is lots of debate aroundRead MoreThe Cons Of Standardized Testing1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stan dardized Testing System, instituted in the public school system, has been used as a guideline in assessing a student’s comprehension of the subjects taught in the classroom and for measuring a teacher’s aptitude of relating the subject material to the students (Fletcher). Florida has instituted a new Bill SB-736 that will now no longer grant teacher’s tenure, and will use the scores from the FCAT to decide whether a teacher will keep their job. While originally created to help the schoolRead MoreFinland And American Education System854 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the testing, the paths for the students to take, the time management during school hours, and the classroom environment. The differences between Finland and American education systems start with the youngest students. Finland students start school at a later age than American students. In Finland their students don’t start school until they reach the age of seven years old, where as in America the students start school when they reach the age of five. Finland also doesn’t focus on testing theirRead MoreMy Schooling Experiences Formed A Positive Outlook On American Education1666 Words   |  7 Pagescooking, disappear and curriculums change in order to focus on standardized tests, my view of the education system changed negatively. Teachers, like Gruwell and my second grade teacher, who inspire their students to think and discover their talents, are being replaced with teachers who obey the curriculum of standardized testing. A student no longer learns how to think on their own, instead they are forced to memorize formulas and testing strategies. A public school teacher in New York City e xplainsRead MoreThe Education System Of The United States1174 Words   |  5 Pagesexpectations. The use of Federal funding creates high stake environments, that effect students and teachers differently. With these high expectations for standardizing test scores, teachers are promised large bonus incentives in return. In 2009, schools were given the option to apply for funding by The Race to the Top Fund, and these expectations cause teachers and students to have high stress and anxiety in standardized school testing. The new expectations from federal funding change the educationalRead MoreAre Standardized Tests a Valid Measurement of Student Learning?1358 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Standardized testing is one of the most passionately debated education topics in America† (Baxter, pg. 1). They became much more prevalent after the 2002 No Child Left Behind Act mandated annual testing across the United States. Standardized tests are used to assess students and teachers, howeve r some people object the idea that the performance on a single test is a valid measure of what a student has learned, or what their teacher has taught them. In this paper I will argue that relying solelyRead MoreStandardized Testing And High School Education888 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Standardized testing has swelled and mutated†¦to the point that it now threatens to swallow our schools whole† (Kohn, 2000). Comparing standardized testing to a swelling monster that is taking over the school systems is a bit of a reach but there is some weight to this statement. Standardized tests have become so frequent in elementary and high school education that they have become the most important tool that is used by school boards and colleges to determine a student’s achievements, but how

An Environmental Study - 2299 Words

You are a general contractor wishing to put up a modest sized cement production plant on the outskirts of town. The plant would operate on only one 10-hour shift per day and would produce about 400 cubic yards of output per day for six days per week. It is necessary for an environmental impact study to be undertaken before the county can issue a permit. The biggest issue is, of course, the air quality implications of cement production, but potential impacts on water quality are of concern as well. It is now October, and you want to start building the plant by the end of next summer, if at all possible. It is now time to issue an RFP to procure an environmental impact analysis. Studies of this type normally require about three months of†¦show more content†¦No spectator seating would be required. The decision to go with one general contractor has already been made. An Environmental Impact Study You are a general contractor wishing to put up a modest sized cement production plant on the outskirts of town. The plant would operate on only one 10-hour shift per day and would produce about 400 cubic yards of output per day for six days per week. It is necessary for an environmental impact study to be undertaken before the county can issue a permit. The biggest issue is, of course, the air quality implications of cement production, but potential impacts on water quality are of concern as well. It is now October, and you want to start building the plant by the end of next summer, if at all possible. It is now time to issue an RFP to procure an environmental impact analysis. Studies of this type normally require about three months of concerted effort by a team of analysts. An Inventory Control System You sell seeds from a catalog, and business has been blossoming. However, your inventory tracking system is inadequate. In high season, supply outages have been frequent, and customer complaints over delays have been increasing. You fear that your business will die on the vine unless something is done to improve things. You want to hire a management consultant to design a new inventory tracking system. This kind of work normallyShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Studies : The Environment1945 Words   |  8 PagesGiorgi Asatiani Instructor s Name English 101 26 April 2015 Essay 3 Environmental Studies The environment means the surrounding and everything that affect the organisms during their lifetime. It can also be said to be the total sum of the water, the air and the land interrelationships amongst themselves and also with the human beings, other living organisms and the properties. The environment includes all the physical and the biological surroundings and also their interactions. By studying theRead MoreEnvironmental Studies Reflection Paper912 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Studies Reflection Paper â€Å"In the past 50 years, humans have consumed more resources than in all of previous history.† We live in a consumer society where individuals across the world purchase, use, and dispose of products throughout their daily lives. Whether this makes their lives easier or not, it is taking an enormous toll on our environment. If people from across the globe united, we could work together to make a change in policies, as well as influence other individuals to createRead MoreQualitative Methods Of Environmental Studies2021 Words   |  9 PagesIn Qualitative Methods in Environmental Studies, we learned a great deal of different methodological approaches to research. We gained a better understanding of what qualitative methods actually is and the important roles researcher and participant play throughout the research process. Leavy describes qualitative research as â€Å"a way of learning about social reality† (2014, p. 2). It is important to know that qualitative researc h is not a one-way approach to collecting and generating knowledge. ItRead MoreCase Study for Environmental Protection1063 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental protection and health concerns are a very important issue in today’s world as humans are corroding the environment at a very high pace. Each individual has a responsibility towards the environment, as we all are an integral part of the nature. The ethical issues we are facing towards the nature and environment will depict our future and our future generation’s potential. The ecological and the human health concerns should be the top priority as the extreme use of fossils fuels and nonRead MoreCase Study : The External Environmental1777 Words   |  8 PagesThe external environmental (e.g. eÃ' onomiÃ' , demographiÃ' , legal Ã' ultural, and teÃ' hnologiÃ' al faÃ' tors) have an impaÃ' t on human resourÃ' e management aÃ' tivities (e.g. reÃ' ruitment and seleÃ' tion, training and development, performanÃ' e management, managing Ã' ompensation, and employee turnover and retention). External faÃ' tors are unÃ' ontrollable and dynamiÃ' . Human resourÃ' e managers must Ã' ontinually monitor the external environmental and adjust human resourÃ' e management strategies aÃ' Ã' ordingly IntroduÃ' tion ToRead MoreStudy of Environmental Issues Associated with Industrialization1450 Words   |  6 PagesStudy of Environmental Issues Associated with Industrialization Although our industrial ways seem to be a very progressive step into the future, there are many flaws to the way many things are today. Things have definitely changed over the past century, as we can currently do things much more efficiently then before. The cost of this efficiency may seem inexpensive in many ways, however we do not realize that the cost of these new technologies do not just include money, time and labour, butRead MoreEthics and Environmental Case Study Essay2944 Words   |  12 PagesEthics and Environment Case Study Project Learning Team C Lynette Barnhart, Russell Cortez, Eric Hiram, Domoniquà © Shaw SCI/362 March 28, 2011 Howard Schmidt, M.S., M.B.A. Ethics and Environment Case Study Project When air pollution is mentioned, many think of the city Los Angeles. However, Beijing China and Mexico City have become well known for air pollution, with Beijing topping the list of worst air quality in the world (Raven, Berg, Hassenzahl. 2010). 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McDonalds Corporation is a global company that faces these challenges and issues, some of which will be addressed in this paper. Additionally, the importance of technology and how it impacts McDonalds marketing decisionsRead MoreFeasibility Study on Setting Up an Environmental Laboratory9679 Words   |  39 PagesFEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF STOOK ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES COMPANY BY KAYODE, STEPHEN OLUWATOBI 166277 A SEMINAR SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND POLLUTION CONTROL) M.Sc. (ECPC) JANUARY, 2013 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As globalization continues and the earth’s natural processes transform local problems into international issues

Cognitive Therapy Case Conceptualization Free Essays

The client: Elena Elena is an adolescent female, coming to the therapy process demonstrating through actions and words a great deal of anxiety and overall apathy for her situation. Elena is a smart, socially engaged Mexican American attending public high school. She opens the session with presenting problems regarding conflict over what she might do after high school. We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Therapy Case Conceptualization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Preliminary conceptualization from a cognitive perspective Overall, there is an obvious feeling of disempowered regarding her right and or ability to make life decisions. She comes from a close-knit family, though some of her siblings have moved away to seek out goals beyond those that they may feel their parents are putting upon them. She has recently begun to disengage academically and socially as she feels the urgency of choosing to adhere to family tradition or to go out on her own, like her peers. Though she says she has not yet made a decision, know that cognition mediates affect and behavior (Friedburg 101). From this perspective a therapist might conclude that her recent apathy toward academics and isolating herself from her peers show that she indeed is letting the thoughts of â€Å"I must listen to my parents† drive her life perspective. It is promising from a cognitive standpoint, that she shows some jealousy toward her boyfriend and others: Perhaps the anger when discussing her family dynamics and recent history is most telling that Elena could benefit from Beck’s Socratic dialogue. The pluralistic views that come from her own identity within her biculturalism are strongly embedded, and the therapist demonstrated this by demonstrating lots of open questions. Letting Elena focus on herself as an individual rather than a Mexican-American could lead to meaningful exploration and collaborative cognitive change to help Elena feel more empowered. When counseling adolescents from a cognitive perspective the counselor must remember that under any circumstances this may be the first time that these clients might see their actions and behaviors, and question the beliefs that may have become embedded during childhood. Elena obviously needs a relatively short-term look into these feelings due to her grades slipping and applying for colleges, if she so chooses. Asking a client â€Å"what is going through your mind right now† (Murdock 337) is one of the base approaches to beginning to help the client recognize their individual thought patterns. This is a question that is difficult for many adults, and though adolescents in general can be more open to change, Elena’s worldview as a bicultural young woman is overpowering any other automatic thoughts that she might have; it is culturally appropriate for a young Mexican American to disregard her own thoughts and needs for the good of the family—which Elena does in fact voice (Rochlen 2009). As an observer to this case scenario, the challenge, due to age and culture, seems very difficult. The video demonstrates this strong schema Elena has developed that exudes this overwhelming disempowerment. I believe this schema of overall disempowerment is deeply embedded and will be difficult to challenge through cognitive therapy. Additionally, Mexican culture tends to see the counselor as â€Å"expert† and the collaborative aspect of cognitive therapy may prove to be at the least uncomfortable for Elena, if not ineffective. Elena may continue to rely on others’ to make decisions for her, to give her an unconditional guarantee (Corey 107), if this base belief cannot be penetrated due to adherence to cultural tradition, fear of change, or if Elena is unable to begin to identify these automatic thoughts. Possible cognitive strategies In general, Latino Americans traditionally have strong family bonds and honor generational wisdom (Sue 377) Through the current political venue of the United States and popular culture, Mexican-Americans may fall prey to stereotypes and inherently feel a disconnect or poor self-image: American beliefs certainly account for this inner struggle Elena is feeling. Because this is pervasive and overarching in American culture where to begin with Elena in imperative. There is a lot behind these feelings, and as an adolescent who is struggling the counselor should take these omnipresent cultural truths into consideration. It is promising to me that Elena is already speaking about her siblings: I see this as an open door for initiating questions that challenge Elena’s view of herself as a young Mexican American. I would certainly recognize Elena’s frustration and give lots of positive regard as she speaks about her presenting problem. Cognitively, I would go back to Elena’s conversation regarding the varying paths her siblings have chosen. I would respectfully move through this aspect of cognitive therapy so as to not threaten Elena’s loyalty to her family. Since Beck’s model is based on a leading rather than a more confrontational approach, I would use this to my advantage to allow her to explore her emotions about her siblings and their life choices. I see this as an aspect of Elena’s life experience that may allow Elena to begin to explore self-identity outside of the effects of biculturalism. Keeping the central focus of thought exploration on how she might challenge her beliefs about her life choices through reflecting on her siblings’ life choices may be a safe way to allow Elena to begin connecting the deeper thoughts behind her ability to make life choices. From a cognitive perspective and the lens of cultural identity, my goal for Elena would be for her to begin understanding that many are facing overwhelming decisions within their own cultural context. At some point everyone must decide to respect family wishes or go out on her own. Elena would be challenged to explore the beliefs she holds regarding herself as a Mexican American; she could begin to see how the complex construct is not a means to an end. Helping Elena expose automatic thoughts and change subsequent behaviors could serve to identify the struggle she will face as a bicultural woman in America today. Obviously, this grander focus this approach toward the â€Å"big picture† provides empowerment, but is daunting. Collaboratively, it would be ideal to praise Elena for exploring her identity on a grander scale. At this point, I would encourage Elena to do some homework: Her recent social isolation undermines her support system and exploration of self-identity. Many of her friends to do not sound as if they are struggling as bicultural adolescents: Meeting with a Latino cultural group on her local college campus would be an ideal way to allow her to feel empowered as well as supported. I am sure that many others have faced this kind of multicultural dilemma in their formative years, and have come up with myriad life choices. Though I can help Elena begin to understand and possibly question her core beliefs that drive her behaviors, she will need safe and pertinent ways to explore them. Elena is a very intelligent young lady, and I do think from our observation that she inherently knows that as well. Finding places and people with whom she can identify will empower her—not pressuring her into making a decision about her next step in life; with a goal toward hearing other stories of biculturalism in America and give her a comfortable place to explore her wishes for her own future and how she might find congruency between her choices and her heritage. I am certain that once her belief of what it means to be Mexican-American is challenged in some authentic way, she will begin to explore her automatic thoughts about cultural identity. My hope in working with Elena from a cognitive perspective is that she will begin to see her own identity and realize how her own thoughts had created a situation that most certainly is not the only possible scenario for her path in life. Relevant multicultural considerations From the perspective of a bilingual educator and a culturally aware individual, I was ultimately unable to separate Elena’s biculturalism from the cognitive approaches and questioning that I would practice with Elena. Though this aspect of Elena’s life situation appears hopeless to her now, I believe through finding authentic ways to identify with successful, independent Mexican-Americans she might begin to expose the prevailing automatic thoughts leading her to these isolating, dichotomous conclusions. The last relevant multicultural aspect that I have not addressed is it would be imperative that I find an opportunity to speak with Elena’s family, and connect them with other families who are raising children in a bicultural environment. This is ideal because Latino families need opportunities to be involved in the community and support one another in myriad ways. non-productive cognitive approaches Note how at the beginning of this integrated discourse regarding Elena’s pull toward family tradition and sense of loss for her dreams of going to college I was careful to note which door felt safe and respectful to collaboratively open with Elena. Siblings, cousins, aunts and uncles may â€Å"stay out of family business† such as the pressure from her mother, but it would be culturally insensitive for me to have Elena challenge her thoughts and risking her attaching them to family ties. That is already were Elena is, and traditionally Mexican-Americans see the counselor as â€Å"expert,† which could disengage long-standing family traditions and dynamics. I am convinced that approaching Elena through questions about herself, her riends, her academic life, and family would have made her feel that cognition is knowable and accessible, which is an underlying foundation of Beck’s theory. If a counselor were to solely base their approach, without multicultural considerations, on cognitive therapy with Elena as an individual it could serve to not allow herself to fully feel her human emotions, nor to bring awareness that change is central to the human process. I do not think asking Elena to explain how her beliefs construct her reality without first finding meaningful ways for her to relate to others outside of herself could she effect any change at all. Cognitive therapy, through the lens of multiculturalism, must always consider the bigger picture of what their life perspective really is: If challenged directly about her mother Elena may have only further solidified her commitment to fail at school to have a concrete reason to obey her parents. How to cite Cognitive Therapy Case Conceptualization, Essay examples

Middleware Essay Example For Students

Middleware Essay Word Count: 454 In the past several decades, a trend has emerged where mid to large size corporations have needed to integrate their existing mainframe systems with their newer PC based information systems. With this shift in focus toward PC based communications and productivity software that became available on the market, companies scrambled for ways to tie PCs and mainframes together. This created the need for middleware. Companies discovered that the hardware and programming, involved in maintaining mainframe systems, was too costly to replace overnight. In addition to the expense, the applications in place for the most part served their purpose and appeared to be much more stable than the personal computers. They maintained master files for customers as well as inventory levels, generated bills and invoices and, with the right programmer and vision, the mainframes could extract just about any information that managers needed. As PCs became more prevalent for a fraction of the cost and with the development of the Internet and a global network, PC applications with productivity software such as Microsoft Office and connection to the Internet have become imperative in almost every business setting. As these resources became available, users such as employees could now access information easily and instantly, share information simultaneously, and communicate both externally and internally through electr onic mail. The questions then arose concerning what to do with the expensive mainframe systems and how to permit the PCs to interact. Middleware has become the solution to this problem. A middleware program is an interface between an application and a server. The most useful are those that allow access to the vast resources stored on the highly developed and expensive mainframe databases with a simple user friendly program, like a web browser. Another example is what Kaiser Permanente implemented to ease the ordering and monitoring of prescriptions. Kaiser bought a NetWeave middleware solution to tie its VAX pharmacy systems to a Tandem master subscriber database to allow subscribers to dial in prescription orders from their touch-tone phones. NetWeave gives us an illustration of how middleware works below. You can find more information on NetWeave at www.netweave.com. It is clear that with the rapid shift in business focus to pc-based information systems, which the demand for scalability and information on-the-fly, will create a huge demand for middleware. It allows an end-user to access information that before only a programmer could. Then, maybe he would generate another program that send the information to a report that would be printed then distributed. Middleware puts that information directly in the minds of the end-users in real-time. It creates a whole new group of informed users pulsating through the nerves of the corporate digital nervous system.

The Reformation Literature Flashcard

The Reformation Literature

The Life Of Emily Dickens Essays - Lecturers, Emily Dickinson

The Life Of Emily Dickens Essays - Lecturers, Emily Dickinson The Life of Emily Dickens Emily Dickinson was raised in a traditional New England home in the mid 1800's. Her father along with the rest of the family had become Christians and she alone decided to rebel against that and reject the Church. She like many of her contemporaries had rejected the traditional views in life and adopted the new transcendental outlook. Massachusetts, the state where Emily was born and raised in, before the transcendental period was the epicenter of religious practice. Founded by the puritans, the feeling of the avenging had never left the people. After all of the "Great Awakenings" and religious revivals the people of New England began to question the old ways. What used to be the focal point of all lives was now under speculation and often doubted. People began to search for new meanings in life. People like Emerson and Thoreau believed that answers lie in the individual. Emerson set the tone for the era when he said, "Whoso would be a [hu]man, must be a non-conformist." Emily Dickinson believed and practiced this philosophy. When she was young she was brought up by a stern and austere father. In her childhood she was shy and already different from the others. Like all the Dickinson children, male or female, Emily was sent for formal education in Amherst Academy. After attending Amherst Academy with conscientious thinkers such as Helen Hunt Jackson, and after reading many of Emerson's essays, she began to develop into a free willed person. Many of her friends had converted to Christianity, her family was also putting enormous amount of pressure for her to convert. No longer the submissive youngster she would not bend her will on such issues as religion, literature and personal associations. She maintained a correspondence with Rev. Charles Wadsworth over a subeztial period of time. Even though she rejected the Church as a entity she never did reject or accept God. Wadsworth appealed to her because he had an incredibly powerful mind and deep emotions. When he left the East in 1861 Emily was scarred and expressed her deep sorrow in three successive poems in the following years. They were never romantically involved but their relationship was apparently so profound that Emily's feelings for him she sealed herself from the outside world. Her life became filled with gloom and despair until she met Judge Otis P. Lord late in her life. Realizing that they were well into their lives they never were married. When Lord passed away Emily's health condition which has been hindered since childhood worsened. In Emily's life the most important things to her were love, religion, individuality and nature. When discussing these themes she followed her lifestyle and broke away from traditional forms of writing and wrote with an intense energy and complexity never seen before and rarely seen today. She was a rarity not only because of her poetry but because she was one of the first female pioneers into the field of poetry. Emily often speaks of love in her poems, but she did it in such a way that would make people not want to fall in love. She writes of parting, separation and loss. This is supported by the experiences she felt with Wadsworth and Otis P. Lord. Not with a club the heart is broken, nor with a stone; A whip so small you could not see it, I've known This seems to be an actual account of the emotions she experienced during her relationship with Otis Lord. Individuality played a pervasive role in her life as a result of her bout with separation. Emily did not conform to society. She did not believe it was society's place to dictate to her how she should lead her life. Her poems reflect this sense of rebellion and revolution against tradition. From all the jails the boys and girls Ecstatically leap,- Beloved, only afternoon That prison doesn't keep. In this poem Emily shows her feelings towards formalized schooling. Being a product of reputable college one would think that she would be in favor of this. But as her beliefs in transcendentalism grew so did her belief in individuality. Emily also went against the Church which was

Final essay questions for Introduction to Anthropology

Final questions for Introduction to Anthropology - Essay Example Basing on many beliefs, for instance, the biblical belief, the practice is seen as against the norms of the societies. Anthropology has tried to enlighten people about such like practices ((Kottak 33). Child labor and abuse: this is another issue that is on the rise in the developing countries. Children are being overexploited in their life. Child abuse is deadly as it causes those exposed to such conditions being affected directly or indirectly. The role of anthropologists here is to try and come up with ways that could show those doing so that what they are doing is not right. Violence against women: in most states, women are taken as inferior creatures who have no power to talk against what they don’t want and that what is said by men is always right and every woman should follow it without obligations. In the changing world, women are becoming just like men, to have ideas of much help in the development of the world. This has called for the intervention of anthropology in trying to show the world that when given equal chances like men, they can be productive to the society in one way or the other. Alienation of Youths. The world is fast to recognize the presence of a great and powerful youth sub-cultures. This, with its own individual behavior and values, is particularly prominent in the cities (Kottak 45). Suicide: there is a good confirmation to designate that suicide rate has been on the rising in recent years. In most cases, it was elicited by a fall out that the victim had with a spouse, a close relative, or parents over what seemed to be a trifling matter. It seem to be normally a response, both self-pitying and bellicose, to the danger that a close interactive relationship will be ended (Kottak, 60). In all these issues, anthropology has tried to play a role so as those that are not in line with straight living realize their mistake and change for the developement of the community and the world as a whole. Religion

GPA and Universities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GPA and Universities - Essay Example Students who fail to meet minimum standards in a particular field are usually denied admission to such institutions which results in curbing their enthusiasm as well hope, sometimes leading to despair. GPA (Grade Point Average) secured during higher secondary education is one of the foremost criteria for placing a student in a favorable position for securing admission to an institute of higher learning. However, if one looks into the history of mankind all major discoveries and inventions which have benefitted mankind are not necessarily the products of people who were brilliant as students at a young age. Considering one’s GPA for measuring capability is therefore an erroneous way of evaluation for higher education. It is therefore justified that anyone who has merely attended the minimum academic program should be allowed admission to universities, irrespective of GPA. Research on students’ academic performance at universities the world over has yielded pertinent and variable information which suggests multiple factors for academic performance in later years of education which may be independent of academic levels attained in schools. In fact, many universities across the US as well as in other parts of the world are seriously considering the evaluation of the validity of the admission tests which have been employed for too long without justification. In a study conducted at the University of Michigan, student academic success was evaluated across different units using preadmission indicators such as high school GPA and standardized test scores (www.umich.edu). A number of additional factors like race, ethnicity, gender, socio-economic status, etc. were considered for standardizing the results and the study evaluated academic performance of students over a span of ten years at the university. Although the document available at the universit y website does not give the results of this study, the

Peony Pavilion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Peony Pavilion - Essay Example Peony Pavilion Her maid suggests her to abandon her dull studies and to take a walk in the garden. In the garden she falls asleep and has a beautiful dream about her lover. In the dream, she makes intense love to him but on waking up she is unable to remember much of her dream. She even tries to look for her lover, but all in vain. This further disappoints her and she starves her self to death. Before dying, however, she paints a beautiful picture of herself and requests that it must be placed next to her grave. Her mother decides to bury her under a plum tree. After her death, she goes to hell where she tells the judge about her story. Impressed by her beauty and touched by her tale, the judge orders to let go of her. She is even told that her marriage with her lover is predestined. After release, her ghost wanders in the garden where her body is buried. On the other side, Liu Mengmei is young improverished scholar who has taken up the journey to the capital to give his civil service examinations. He also dreams of a young girl who informs him that she could bring him happiness and prosperity.On his way , he visits the garden where Du Liniang is buried. He discovers her picture next to her shrine, and falls in love with her. The Ghost appears and they both make refined love to each other, After that, Du convinces Lui of her state, that she is mere ghost and also convinces him to exhume her by digging up her grave so that her soul and body can reunite. With the help of Flower Goddess, the reunion of flesh and soul takes place and they formally get married. In the last section of the story, Du presses upon her husband to convince her parents that she is back to life. However, that brings her husband the wrath of her father. He is accused of and punished for grave robbing. In the mean time the results of his civil service exams are out and he has cleared them. On this account, he is granted pardon by the Emperor. On the other hand, Du convinces her father , with much effort, that she is back to life and that love is so powerful that even death succumbs to it. This final section contains some of most sweetest and hilarious pieces of Kunqu operas.(Hsien-Tsu) Though the story has an deus ex machina ending which means that it is very brupt in the end. Certain characters and twists in the plot are introduced to bring out the desired result, a happy ending for all in this play.Nonetheless , the story is a great masterpiece of creativity in many ways. The kunqu form of art adds to breathtaking power of the play, specially its three poems , "Travelling in the Garden", "The Dream Interrupted" and "Searching for the Dream" are marvellous in its expression of emotions and drama in form of music and dance. The play is basically written criticize and defy the concepts of Neo-Confucianism that was prevalent in the 16th century China. The latter placed high value and emphasis on proper behaviour and etiquettes. It demanded a complete suppression of feeling, dreams and desires and a display of rigid , unemphathic manners. As we know , that those who suffer most under such repressive cnditions are women who are asked to suppress their desires to an inhumane and unbearable extent. This political philosophy argued that mind and reason are of highest importance and cause of human happiness and success. However , Xianz in his play tried to attack the

Decline of Security Values in Immigration Department

Decline of Security Values in Immigration Department An investigation of the decline of security values in the Malawi Immigration Department 1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND According to Taylor (2013), security value is defined as a psychological catch expression that is perceived to be the last argument to determine action or reaction by the majority. Security values are qualities and standards that have a certain weight in the choice of actions that prescribes the proper conduct in general as well as certain situations Burges (2002). It is the fundamental principle on which the social, political and physical existence of the state is based Simonie L. (2002). Security institutions are greatly aware of the need for security values in public environment in this century hence the emergence of a consensus that good governance and sound public administration underpin sustainable development of the state. Therefore, security values are extensively learned and trained in detail, in different security specialized institutions in order to provide the services and help keep the nation safe and prosperous Steven (2011). They bear a true reliance and allegiance of the nation’s constitution, the fulfilment of obligations and directs officers to avoid shortcuts that would undermine the desired integrity of service output of the nation. It is through securing such values that a country can attain vibrant development and economic wellbeing. These security values are expressed in officers through treating the public as they should be treated, with dignity and respect, serving or conducting the country’s service without thought of recognition or gains and also delivering public services in the required constituted manner (Ross 2011). The Malawi Immigration Department is one of the few security specialised institutions in Malawi, established to carrying out, acting, and living up to such values in order to achieve a better conducive secured environment of the country’s security objectives. It is a specialised security institution in Malawi, with security values speculated in the Republic’s constitution, Immigration Acts and also Citizenship Act and even the operating principles, vision and mission, to help the officers perform accordingly Immigration Strategic Plan(2011). In the department, security values encompasses reliability, obligation, respect, selfless service, reputation, integrity and allegiance in serving the state and the general public from internal as well as external threats Immigration Department Service Charter (2008). These values acts as a compass that guides the department and officers in each and everything they do and represent what the government believe and care about. Securit y values as stipulated clearly show that they cannot be considered in isolation from each other as they often overlap Chapunga (2012). Security values are expected to integrate into both the institution and officer’s decisions, actions policies, processes, systems and also in the way different stakeholders of different kind and the common public are dealt with. The paper seconds the fact that sustainability of security values is the only cornerstone of good governance and democracy which can boost the wellbeing of the country. This research therefore, intends to study the security values of the Malawi immigration department officers and analyse whether they are sustained as to the required standard expectation of both the general public and the nation. The Malawi Immigration Department exists under the Ministry of Home affairs and Internal Security to carry on some of the country’s security duties while recognising and adhering to security values. The institution has a fundamental role to play in serving the country while observing that security values are not violated in any way. The Malawi Immigration roles are guided by the laws of Malawi as well as the Republic of Malawi constitution under Section 47 and also governed by two acts which are; the Citizenship Act (CAP 15:01) and the Immigration Act (CAP 15:03). The department has a huge security responsibility to control of people entering and leaving the country, process and issue travel documents to eligible people in accordance with the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) rules, process and issue Citizenships, Residence, Work Permits and Visas in accordance with the existing policies, monitor, track and apprehend the immigrants, and repatriate illegal immigr ants in order to promote and safeguard the security of the state. However, the department demands much integrity and allegiance of officers to safeguard the nation’s purpose of existence and security objectives with the trained security values they contain. Hence expected to have good reputation in conducting their duties in order to build trust and confidence in the people it serves as well as to the sustainability of the whole nation security values. In other word, the more the department makes choices made on integrity, the more value will affect the general public as well as the nation. Therefore, the department quality and standard of their duties rely on its trained officers to demonstrate such values in their choice of action that should prescribe the proper conduct of the values Ng’oma (2011). Recently, there has been an outcry from the general public concerning the ill deliverance of immigration different duties. This has attracted the researcher to question the integrity of the department. Many people including different organisations, such as media, the civil society organizations, the Ant-Corruption Bureau and other Non-governmental organization, have written much about the ill delivering of different services of the department. According to the Nation Newspaper April (2013) reported the cases where three immigration officers processed and issued Malawian passports to two Burundians and one Nigerian to enable them travel to United kingdom as well as Italy. As it is well known that Malawi’s passport does not require visa to enter in most developed countries hence countries whose reputation is negatively affected with crime would want to use to easy their migration to such states. Therefore most officers are bribed to allow such malpractice take place. The recent data has shown the rapid increase of the increase reports concerning the illegal immigrants, immigration officers mistreating the general public as not expected Mwakasungula (2012). The Immigration strategic plan (2008) stipulated the period within which the new passport system was going to deliver and stressed the processing of the normal passport to take place within 21 days. This has not been the case since from the day of its implementation, only a few rich individuals have been able to acquire the service in due promised period. The department has failed to fulfil its obligations and also their morals as security institution has been lost Chibwana (November Sunday Daily Times, 2014). Therefore the latter clearly portrays the decline in security values of the officers and tarnishing the department’s integrity as well as of the national security management. This advance attracts the researcher to investigate the contributing factor to such negative development since as sec urity officers who are well trained with different value expertise and skills to help achieve the nation’s security intended objectives no longer seem to be trusted by the people whom they supposed to serve. The whole performance of the officers is measured according to the operating value principles which are put in place within the department. 1.1 STATEMENT PROBLEM In the immigration department there is a decline of security values shown through the officers’ conduct in the way they carry out their services. As expected by the country, it is the duty of the officers to carry out their responsibilities with much integrity in order to safeguard the security values of the department in line with their trained code of conduct manners to meet the national security intended objectives Immigration Manual Book (1999). While there are many security institutions with rumours of corruptions and other security moral decay in security sector, immigration department seems to be ranking with more negative incidents and cases Ant-Corruption Assessment (2010). Corruption, late delivery of services, negligence, failure to control the influx of illegal immigrants, issuance of the Malawi passport to ineligible people are characterising and labelling the department. This is defeating the intended trained security values of the department as outlined in the d epartment of immigration rules of conduct and laws. Where the operating security values have been well articulated such as accountability, transparency, high degree of integrity and honesty, corrupt free, responsiveness and resourcefulness, respect and lastly public relations. This is a challenge not only to the department of immigration as an institution but also, affects the integrity of the government as well as the whole national security management in Malawi (Immigration Service Charter, 2008). Therefore, this is problem worthy investigating the influencing factors. CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Baldwin (2002) defines security values and norms as morals which are embedded and trained within security specialised organisations. Baldwin researched that security values can be changed any time to suit the globalisation norms where there is international policing and cross-border policing to accommodate the reform values. Because of such changes, many factors and variables mutually influence one another to fit in the new security cultures. Baldwin’s research findings was connected with the changing nature of tradition security beliefs to the new security beliefs due to the nature of the world. The researcher acknowledges Baldwin’s work which is based on appreciating the change in security values and norms as the result of suiting into the new security cultures. However, this research intends to investigate the causes of the decline of security values of the officers in the Malawi Immigration Department. Isaiah Emboli, (2004) wrote about â€Å"The elites Controlling Security Institutions in Malawi. Security values in Malawi have been at stake since most of the work is guided by the ruling elites. Security machinery of government, such as Police, Immigration are primarily to secure elites own interests and continuation of their rule rather than the protection of the state and the people. Emboli’s findings indicates that the concept of national security is inapplicable if the security values are not recognised or respected. This has been anchored by Undule (2011) who critically researched about the causes of long queues in most public service offices especially immigration offices, road traffic authority and the police. He found out that only those who are able to pay extra amount of money are quickly attended than those who cannot afford to pay extra amount. While security values is the matter of carrying out, acting, and living the values of respect, duty, loyalty, selfless s ervice, integrity and personal courage in everything a security officer do. Most researcher’s findings show that there is great value deficiency in most trained officers. However, this is the gap for this research to investigate and establish the extent of the decline of security values in the Malawi Immigration Department. Takawira Musavengana (2010) has done a research on Security Sector Governance. The research is about the national and regional security value architectures that facilitate democratic governance of the security sector in Zimbabwe. Musavengana’s research findings was on how important it is to losing some of security values in order to support democratic ideals such as accountability, transparency and rule of law. He articulated much on the need for the creation of an environment in the security sector, where human security should be paramount and the need to sifter some of the old security traditional values which seem abusive to the general public. The researcher acknowledges Musavengana’s findings especially on how he recommends the need of applying democratic ideals in the security specialised institutions. However, it is the duty of this research to assess the effects of the decline of security values and how can this implicate national security management in the coun try within the democratic environment.

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey:Discussion of the Final Volume, Book XXIV :: Odyssey essays

The Odyssey: A Discussion of the Final Volume, Book XXIV Homer’s epic, The Odyssey is the classic story of the homecoming of the warrior and king Odysseus. It is one of the most enduring pieces of literature known to man. The lessons and tales from the epic are unforgettable. However, there are several difficulties that the contemporary reader has with The Odyssey. These include issues such as difficult language, tangential stories, and the verse style it was written in. However, the focus of this paper is the final volume of the epic. This volume, Book XXIV, is usually noted as rather anticlimactic. Many believe that it is simply an epilogue (having the epic really ends in Book XXII when Odysseus killed the suitors.) Some scholars believe that the final book is not even Homeric. This essay shall discuss why Book XXIV is a good conclusion and how it relates to the rest of the story, which would provide a case for it being Homeric. In Book XXIV, entitled "Warriors, Farewell," Homer does not seem to want to have a grand ending, but rather neatly wrap up all of the loose ends. There are three major parts to this book, they include: the voyage of the suitors’ shades to Hades and dialogue between Agamemnon and Amphimedon; the story of Odysseus and Telemakhos visiting Odysseus’ father, Laertes; and the start of tje feud between the families of the suitors and the house of Odysseus and Laertes (which could have torn the country of Ithaca apart) which was stopped by the Zeus and Athena. Homer starts Book XXIV in Hades as Agamemnon and Akhilleus greet the shades of the suitors that Odysseus killed in Book XXII. One of the shades tells Agamemnon of how Penelope was faithful and how Odysseus returned to take his revenge. Agamemnon, who upon his homecoming after the Trojan war was killed by his adulterous wife, was surprised by this tale. This is perfectly consistent with the earlier depiction of Agamemnon in Hades (Book XI) in which he tells Odysseus to beware of Penelope for she may have been unfaithful. This meeting between Agamemnon and the shades of the suitors makes sense since the story of Agamemnon was one often referred to during the epic. This sort of finishes off the Agamemnon story. The introduction of the suitors’ shades also serves to yet again reinforce the theme of hospitality.

201 Task a – Short Answer Questions

201 Task A – Short Answer Questions Ai: Three different sources of information would be found on the internet, through the management and the policy and procedure folder. Aii: a)Three aspects of employment covered by law are Health and Safety, Training and most important a contract, the employee must have a contact of employment. b)Three main features of the current employment legislation are holiday’s entitlement, pay and sick.Aiii: Employment laws exist to protect the best interests of the employees and employers without regulations there would be problems like workers being treated unjustly, unfairly and would cause minimum wages, safe working conditions and discrimination. Task B – Your work role Bi: The terms and conditions of my employment as in my contract are: Names of employee and employer Job title/description Date of employment Hours of work Place of work Remuneration Pensions Holidays Sickness/absences Uniform TrainingDisciplinary Rules Grievance Proc edures Confidentiality Notice Retirement Bii: The information that is needed on my payslip is: Employee number Employee name National insurance number Payment details – Hours, Rate, Tax and Net pay Tax code Date of pay Biii: Two changes of personal information which I would report to my employer would be: Change of name ie. If a marriage or divorce has taken place Change of bank details Biv: The procedure if I wanted to raise a grievance at work would be: The line managerWrite to the head of HR and the Administration at Shaw house An investigation of the facts of the case to obtain any evidence which may be relevant A formal hearing A written decision will be given from the Line Manager and Head of HR and Administration If necessary the right of appeal A note of recording would be placed on my personal file If needed an appeal in writing to a higher authority ie. President and 2 independent nominees and The Chief Executive Written decision to me after a complete investigation of the facts of the case Each stage would be placed on my personal fileBv: 1. Data protection – The major piece of legislation which covers confidential information is the Data Protection Act, the access to Health Records and the access to Personal Files Act. The Data held includes credit and financial information, membership of organisations, medical, health and social services records. 2. Grievance – Failure of procedures ie. See Biv 3. Conflict Management – 4. Anti-discriminatory practice – to prevent race, class, gender etc 5.Health and Safety – The home ensures that reasonable practicable Health and Safety and welfare of its employees and others will work in partnership to take steps to ensure that its statutory duties with regard to safety are met at all time. Training in First Aid, Fire, Moving and Positioning, maintaining the rules of the policies and procedures. 6. Confidentiality – During or after the termination of my employment am I to use or disclose to anyone (other than in the proper course of my employment with the initiation, any information on a confidential nature or protected by Data Protection Act.This relates to Beneficiaries, Supporters of the institution and institution itself. 7. Whistle blowing – In the past, people who have reported colleagues’ actions who they consider have been ill treated, neglected or abused residents have been regarded as troublemakers. Now it’s recognised that staff are likely to observe and report bad practice. A case could be a criminal offence, has been a legal obligate, a miscarriage of justice, an individual as failed the health and safety rules or that the environment has been damaged. Bvii: ) To deliver a high standard of resident care within the legislation and regulations. To maintain the dignity, Privacy and independence of residents. b)To not carry out the requirements of my role would be monitored by my employees, advised on training an d supported to meet the standards. If after an informal discussion and support is not provided a constitutes misconducts the disciplinary procedure will be evoked. Bviii: Codes of Practice – can help with standards of conduct that are expected to meet, to encouraged us to use the Code to examine our own practice and to look for areas in which you can improve.National Occupational Standards – can be used for recruitment and selection, jobs and evaluation, training, learning programmes and performance appraisals. Good employers invest in training the staff in order to remain competitive, provide individuals to improve skills and opportunities for career development. Legislation and Government initiatives – can to make sure those essential quality standards are being bet everywhere care is provided in the home and help to improve.They promote who uses the services and have a wide range of power to take action if services are unacceptably poor. Bix: Two Representati ve’s bodies: 1. Care Quality Commission – Their job is to make sure that care provided by hospitals, dentists, ambulances, care homes and services in people’s own homes and elsewhere meets national standards of quality and safety. 2. Macmillan Nurses: They specialise in cancer treatment and care, supporting people with cancer from the time they are diagnosed.They offer emotional support and practical advice to people with cancer and their families in the UK. They are highly trained in managing pain and other symptoms. Macmillan Nurses work with and advise the District Nurse or primary care team. Task C – Career Path I have been working in residential homes for 20 years. My children are 15 and 12 and are finding them independents, so I’m finding more time for me. At the moment I’m starting my NQV3 in Health and Social care which could lead me into becoming a senior in a few years time.Becoming a senior would mean more responsibly and training in nursing, this will build my confidence. I am keeping my options open for my future, my interests are counselling, caring in the community or work from the NHS as a paramedic technician/escort. Task D – Presentation or report Elderly people could be paying for care fees twice over There are concerns that some elderly people and their families could be paying for long term care twice over, as pre-funded policies bought in the 90s to cover care costs have been forgotten.In the early 90s, several insurers sold 44,000 policies to people mainly in their 60s, to meet the cost of care fees in old age. These policies could be paid for in either regular premiums or in a single lump sum. Most policies were bought by relatively young, healthy people for peace of mind, and in the hope that they would never need to claim. Thousands of families in Britain could be paying for care fees for family members in their 80s or older, unaware that their relative may have taken steps to cover par t of their care cost already.The problem occurs when no one other than the policyholder knows about the pre-funded policy. Some people will now be suffering from dementia so they cannot remember the policy. A policy bought with a single premium over twenty years ago might be forgotten. If the children or person with power of attorney never knew about the plan it might not occur to them to investigate further. So people in care now may pay twice, because no one knows they established a plan some time ago.It would be advisable if family members or attorneys to search for long forgotten pre-funded policies, often issued by companies that have long since been history. There are companies that families can go to, to have peace of mind to know that existing long term care insurance policies are not only uncovered, but claimed on that are determined to pioneer a solution. They hope other providers will appreciate the seriousness of this situation so that together, they can put a process in place so that every person applying for an Immediate Needs Annuity has the opportunity.

Third and Final Continent Essay Example

Third and Final Continent Essay Example Third and Final Continent Paper Third and Final Continent Paper Each country represents his emotional situation of life. India: His own birthplace; his own roots; London: Away from home, but still living with the Bengali boys, still firmly attached to the culture; and the third and the final country : United States : where he learned to adopt the American culture to such an extent that, in the beginning, he had to try to adjust with his Indian wife, in which he eventually succeeds. Actually Lair takes the readers on a voyage in the life of an ordinary but an ambitious man. At first the readers may not sound the narrator ambitious, but on looking deep in to the story, one can easily find the ambition of the narrator In establishing himself on the foreign ground, constantly struggling to ascertain himself between the eastern and western cultures. In fact, looking at the last paragraph of the story, the narrator himself admits his ambitiousness in the following lines, In my sons eyes I see the ambition that had first hurled me across the world. (Lair 663) In spite of being ambitious, the narrator is an ordinary man, coming from a middle class Indian family. His fathers death had left his mother insane and forced his brother to leave the school in order to run the house. As a result, the narrator does not having the luxuries of having a personal apartment in England. Instead, [he] lived in London, in Funfairs Park. In a house occupied entirely by penniless Bengali bachelors like [himself], at least a dozen and sometimes more, all struggling to educate and establish [themselves] abroad. (Lain 650). In London, the narrator Is, no doubt, far from his home but not far from his culture because he and his roommates were cooking pots of egg curry, which [they] ate with our hands n a table covered with newspapers (664) . Some weekends the narrator and his roommates would Invite stall more Bengali, to whom lately Ana Introduced [themselves] at the greengrocer, or on the Tube, and [they] made yet more egg curry, and played Musses on a Grinding reel-to-reel (664). Here the storyteller shows his firm attachment to his own culture. Listening to Musses (An Indian famous playback singer) or eating egg-curry is typically Indian. The egg-curry is assigned with a significant attachment which is mentioned repeatedly in the story. Whether cooking or the first time for his wife or eating with his son -with hands- at the end of the story. The quest to still move higher and to reach the heights which the narrator might have set for himself were so high that the major events like his own wedding or the historical event of the astronauts planting the American flag on the moon were of least important to him. He was still struggling to establish himself in America. Lair has beautifully guides her readers to understand the narrators state of mind by describing the view outside the windows of narrators places of residence. For example, when he looks from the window from the Y. M. C. A. , the narrator describes, A bare window overlooked Massachusetts Avenue. Car horns, shrill and prolonged, blared one after another. Sirens and flashing lights heralded endless emergencies, , throughout the night. The noise was constantly distracting, at times suffocating (653). The above description states the America never sleeps, the is life so fast and noisy that the narrator , felt it deep in [his] ribs, Just as [he] had felt the furious drone of the engine on the S. S. Aroma. But there was no ships deck to escape o, no glittering ocean to thrill [his] soul, no breeze to cool [his] face, no one to talk to (653). While describing the road which lead to Mrs. Crofts house, Lair describes , [The narrator] turned down a street shaded with trees, perpendicular to Massachusetts Avenue (655). The author has beautifully used these line to indicate the turning point in narrators life. Instead of taking a straight direction or an opposite direction, the narrator take a perpendicular direction to a street shaded with trees. Here the straight and the opposite directions signifies the eastern and the stern culture, where the narrator chooses the perpendicular direction which is in between the both directions. And the shaded trees signifies his relationship with Mrs.. Croft, with whom he found comfort. Further more the description of the view of outside from the narrators room in Mrs.. Crofts house, The window was open; net curtains stirred in the breeze. I lifted them away and inspected the view: a small back yard, with a few fruit trees and an empty clothesline. I was satisfied. (657), nicely explains the contentment of the story teller. Now here is something what the orator wants from his life; and which also Justifies that even though, he is ambitious, the narrator is an ordinary man. He does not want too much from life. He just wants a small back yard- a place for himself- , few fruit trees -few fruitful achievements in life -, and an empty clothesline -which he can fill according to his will-. This argument is proved in the end of the story where the narrator says, Mall and I live in a town about twenty miles from Boston, on a tree-lined street much like Mrs.. Crofts, in a house we own, with room for guests, and a garden that saves us room buying tomatoes in summer (663). The above lines proves that, in fact, this was what the narrator actually wanted a tree lined street much like Mrs. Croft and a garden that saved them from buying tomatoes in the summer- his own and unique way of living; an American lifestyle with an Indian touch. Lair has not only shown ten narrators amontillado In ten story, out NAS also excellently woven ten eastern Ana the western cultural aspects, guarding its own beauty respectively. Each character designed by Lair, represents its own culture in the unique way. For example, the really between the dressing style between Mall(narrators wife) and Mrs.. Croft: Both of them trying to be a perfect lady according their own cultures respectively. The parallelism between the narrator and Helene, daughter of Mrs.. Croft : Both of them have a different point of view in taking care of their mothers. The narrator worried that something would happen to her in the middle of the night, or when [he] was out during the day'(660) Where as, according to the narrator, Helen didnt seem concerned. She came and went, bringing soup for Mrs..

Rhetorical Precis Example

Rhetorical Precis Example Rhetorical Precis – Coursework Example Rhetorical Prà ©cis In his 1996 essay on â€Å"attitude† Sheridan Baker, a scholar, a and critical thinker asserts thatwriter‘s attitude toward their target group and the writers themselves determines the quality of the prose produced. He support this argument by giving examples of bad attitude can make writing boring. He farther states that a good writer should have respect towards his audience and the readers. His main purpose is to make his reader aware of consequences of negative attitude in order to make them become good writers. His main audience was college students who were interested in writing in the future (Woodworth 7).Charles Peirce’s article, â€Å"The Fixation of Belief† (1877), argued that humans have psychological and social mechanism to protect and strengthen our beliefs. Peirce backs up this claim by a thorough description of the four methods of fixing belief highlighting the advantages and weaknesses of each. His main purpose is to poin t the ways people can establish their beliefs in order to get awareness of the reader considering how the beliefs may be the product of the methods. He is writing to the educated audience with the knowledge of philosophy and histories this depends on the language used (Hendricks 28).Toni Morrison, in her essay â€Å"Disturbing Nurses and the kindness of Shark† implies that ethnic and racism in the United States influences crafting American novelists. He supports this implication by describing how other writers like Ernest Hemingway write about black characters. his purpose is to make her reader feel the sense of cruel reality of racism underlying American to enable them examine effects of racism not only affect those discriminates but also those that discriminate (Michael 1). The targets the audience of racial mixed and critical reader of literature using a very high analytical tone In the year 1997 Larisa Macfarqhuhar in her article â€Å"who care if Johnny can’t rea d† asserts that American are reading more than ever despite the aims o the contrary . She supports this claim about American reading habit with facts that compare the past and the present reading practices (Lanzbom 1). She challenges common assumption by raising questions about reading intrinsic values. Her purpose is to dispel some myths about reading in order to raise new and more important questions about the value reading and other media culture. She targets young audience with sarcastic tone. Hendricks, Vincent. Thought 2 Talk: A Crash Course in Reflection and Expression, New York: Automatic Press, 2005. Print. Lanzbom, Leon. "On English and Writing: Critical Thinking". Word Rogues. Retrieved 6 April 2012. Michael, S. "Writing the Precise". Texas.net. English 1302 - Palo Alto College. Retrieved 6 April 2012. Woodworth, Margaret. "The Rhetorical Prà ©cis." Rhetoric Review 7 (2007): 156-164.

Examine how commitment to lifelong learning and reflective practice Essay

Examine how commitment to lifelong learning and reflective practice contributes to the role of being a health profession - Essay Example This academic paper provided guidelines for health professionals to explain, document, research and promote their professions. To complete the process of proving effectiveness, it is essential that health professionals undergo lifelong learning and reflective practice (Gross 2001). This academic paper will describe the concepts of lifelong learning and reflective practice, then it will discusses why both of them are necessary in this changing society. Followed by explaining commitment is important in lifelong learning and reflective practice to health professional area. Lifelong learning has been advocated by government agencies both local and international as well as private professional institutions because of its increasing importance with ensuring that health professionals are keeping up with the changing times. There are existing federal and international laws being applied to regulate professions and to serve as their early defence towards the increasing needs of the people in the society (Knowles et. al 2003). The efficacy of different health professions has not been fully explored. Some of these professions are relatively young professions and, therefore, needs all members of the field to contribute to its development (Riechmann 2000). Healthcare professionals should engage in continuing professional development (CPD) throughout their careers. This can be achieved through both formal activity, such as course attendance, and informal activity, such as reflective practice. However, about the latter, many healthcare practitioners have anxieties about when they might operate this activity and how they might undertake it (Kinsella 2001). While there are many methods of CPD, the government focuses on outcome and defines it as: ...a process of lifelong learning for all individuals and teams which meets the needs of patients and delivers the health outcomes. (Jourgin 2002). Lifelong learning is

United States history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

United States history - Essay Example The issue of democracy in America in general is one which has been debated on and about for ages, and the matter of whether or not capitalism has played a larger role in the defining of American foreign policy when compared to democracy is one which is incredibly significant and relevant overall.There are many different factors which need to be taken into consideration in order to be able to properly determine the answer to this posing, and this particularly in regards to the reasons that America became involved in foreign affairs in the late 19th century, as well as the motivations for their entering both world wars and the progress of the Cold War, for instance. All of these issues have great influence on the matter of whether democracy or capitalism should be considered as being more important in the defining of American foreign policy, and thus they all must be thoroughly addressed and discussed. The aim of this paper is to consider all aspects of both democracy and capitalism wh ich are two tremendously dynamic and substantial subjects on their own, and to compare their similarities and differences in order to be able to properly determine which has played more of a role in creating and defining American foreign policy since the 1800s. We will be able to do this by discussing the previously mentioned issues as well as any and all other key and related factors relevant to this case. This is what will be dissertated in the following. The term democracy is one which is typically used in the context of a political state however the principles are also applicable to numerous other groups and organizations. There are several different forms of democracy, with the most major being: representative, liberal, direct, socialist, anarchist, tribal, and consensus. The representative, liberal, and direct forms of democracy are the most well-known, and they are considered as follows: representative democracy is the form of democracy which involves the selection of government officials by the people, and one characteristic of representative democracy in particular is that of the fact that while the representatives are elected by the people, to act in their interest, they retain the freedom to exercise their own judgment as how best to do so; liberal democracy is a form representative democracy with free and fair elections along with the protection of minorities, the rule of law, a separation of powers, and protection of liber ties; and the direct form of democracy is one which is largely referred to as being "a political system where the citizens vote on all major policy decisions. It is called direct because, in the classical forms, there are no intermediaries or representatives. All direct democracies to date have been relatively small communities, usually city-states. However, some see the extensive use of referenda, as in California, as akin to direct democracy in a very large polity with more than 20 million potential voters" (Wikipedia, 2007). Capitalism, on the other hand, is a term which generally refers to an economic system in which "the means of production are mostly privately owned and operated for profit, and in which distribution, production and pricing of goods and services are determined in a largely free market. It is usually considered to involve the right of individuals and groups of individuals acting as 'legal persons' or corporations to trade capital goods, labor, land and money" (Boyer, Clark & Kett, 2002). The first actual theories of capitalism came about in the context of the Industrial Revolution, and this followed the social theorist Karl Marx in particular, and these theories were generally used to criticize the concept. The

Inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inequality - Essay Example It should be realized that every individual possesses different levels of skills ad capabilities. In order to become better leaders, it is important for the individual to grow and develop their emotional intelligence in order to manage people better. The need to cultivate emotional intelligence arises out of several needs (Goleman, 65). The case provides an analysis in which an individual is able to be self-aware and recognize the emotions as they occur around him. As John improves in EQ, he is able to understand himself better and the people he manages in the organization greatly depend upon him. More importantly, his social life improves drastically due to the self-awareness. This is certainly an important skill for all leaders as it enables them to discover and understand their skills, strengths and weaknesses. Such leaders are able to understand the emotions of their workers and therefore treat them in the most appropriate way. The result of such awareness is an improvement in the overall performance in the organization. From the case, it is seen that John eventually manages to stay aware of his feelings and those of his senior regarding his performance in the organization. He realizes that despite the fact that he is a good performer in his field, he still needs to horn his management skills. It is basically a question of managing emotions and clearly understanding the wider picture in the whole organization (Goleman, 23). At the end, it is seen that John cannot simply rush into decisions but will clearly manage his emotions and make the most appropriate decision. For leaders, emotional management is a vital aspect and should be greatly valued. A leader should know how to balance situations and counsel his subjects without showing any inappropriate emotions in the process. In such a case, the leader will earn and maintain their respect from the subjects. In the case of John, many workers are free to consult him on various issues as a result of

The Death Penalty Should Be Abolished Essay Example for Free

The Death Penalty Should Be Abolished Essay The death penalty should be abolished as a form of punishment. This paper intends to shine some light on the death penalty in order to help the reader understand what issues face the system today and what problems can be corrected. This paper achieves this by: (1) pointing out the wrongful sentencing of innocent people and the use of DNA testing in attaining their freedom; (2) emphasizing the unjustness of the Capital Punishment system due to the arbitrary, racial and geographically biased nature of the process; And also (3) It shows that the evidence backing up deterrence as a major benefit of the death penalty is exaggerated and unsubstantiated. With a specific look at how â€Å"future dangerousness† plays a part in keeping the death penalty around and how to change that. Last it will look at the rising costs associated with Capital Punishment. The death penalty risks too many innocent lives. DNA testing is currently the single greatest savior of unjustly sentenced death row inmates. It aided in the exoneration of 133 prisoners between 1973 and 2009. (Schmalleger, 2011) But up until the 1960s DNA exoneration by science wasn’t even thought up. This leads us to wonder how many death row inmates are actually innocent today. In most cases, there is no DNA evidence left behind leaving only the account of eyewitnesses to validate the crime. The only issue with that is witnesses have been wrong before. One notable death row case involving an eyewitness’s misconception was DeLuna v. Texas 1983. Carlos DeLuna was wrongfully executed for killing a single mother at his local gas station even after the real killer, who bear a striking resemblance to DeLuna, was captured and placed in a cell underneath his own. The person who helped unwind this web of DeLuna is the notable Columbia law professor James Liebman. In 2001 one of Liebman’s study revealed an error rate of 68% in Capital cases.(William W Berry, 2010) the extinguishing of an innocent human beings life is an irrevocable mistake that could be avoided with a sentence of Life without the Possibility of Parole (LWOP). Imbalanced justice system Part of the definition of Justice is â€Å"fairness or reasonableness, especially in the way people are treated or decisions are made† when you relate this to the death penalty you are presented with many divergence’s to that same logic. The following are a few examples of how the death penalty is unfair to certain groups: first the system is arbitrary in nature. The rich are able the attain some of the best defense attorneys in order to greatly increase their chance of avoiding the death penalty, while the poor must receive state appointed counsel. What makes matters worse is the lack of skilled counsel willing to work on Capital Punishment leads to a continued rise in the backlog of unrepresented sentenced prisoners. (Gray, 2011) The second example of unfairness results from geographic location. In some states, a felony murder is a Capital crime, Maryland is one. While other states, like New Jersey, need aggravating circumstances before the death penalty is given. Also, between the years of 1976 and 2004 more than 700 executions took place. 82% were a product of these ten states: (AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MO, OK, SC, TX and VA) With Texas and Virginia accounting for half of these nationwide executions. (American Civil Liberties Union, 2002) There are no significant data showing a higher rate of violent crime in those states. So I must infer that, on a nationwide level, the Capital Punishment is unjust or at the very least unbalanced. The third unjustness of the Capital Punishment system stems from its racial disparities. Bias manifests itself in two ways. One, the even though â€Å"Latinos are the largest ethnic minority group in the United States† they still only comprise between 8% and 13% of defendants on death row in the 1990s. (Baik, 2012) now compare that to African Americans who, in the same time period, represented nearly 40% of all death row inmates in the US.(Greenfield, 1991) one case that highlights all three examples of unfairne ss in the Criminal justice system can be found in the 1972 trial of Furman v. Georgia. This was a case of a poor, black, man from a southern state that was prone to issuing the death penalty. The outcome of this trial was a de facto moratorium between 1967 and 1977 where no executions were conducted in the United’s states during this time (Schmalleger, 2011). Deterrence is exaggerated and also obtainable through other ways. There are two possible ways to examine deterrence. First, it can  be viewed the same way that most people understand it by; the Punishment of one criminal will deter multiple others from committing similar gruesome acts. This view has been brought up in a couple of study’s: the 2001 study by Hashem Dezhbakhsh and Paul Rubin at Emory University who concluded that on average one single execution results in 18 fewer murders; an earlier study was conducted by Viscusi in 1993 which pegged the average deterrence at 14. Most of the fundamental testing and deterrence hypotheses used leading up to the present were produced by Isaac Erlich between 1975 and 1977. (Erlich 1975) although a valiant attempt to survey something as complex as this topic, most of these types of data analysis are proven false due to factors such as, failure to include states that do not carry a death penalty; and that some studies have just been methodologically flawed. I would have to agree with the late US Supreme court justice Thurgood Marshall, LLB who said it best at the 1972 trial of Furman v. Georgia, â€Å"Despite the fact that abolitionists have not proved non-deterrence beyond a reasonable doubt, they have succeeded in showing by clear and convincing evidence that Capital Punishment is not necessary as a deterrent to crime in our society.† inconclusive studies and overall popular dismissal, have resulted in arguments in favor of these types of studies to start decreasing over time. As Federal prosecutor Donald Heller put it, â€Å"When someone kills, theyre thinking of satisfying whatever [made them] decide to kill. They never think about the ultimate Punishment.† (Heller, 2011) Second, deterrence, also called incapacitation, can be viewed as a permanent solution to the issue of â€Å"Future dangerousness†, which is, â€Å"the threat an offender will be likely to pose in the future.†(William W Berry, 2010). In William berry’s report, he goes on to say that future dangerousness is the strongest determinant of whether an individual receives the death penalty. This is harmful because studies show that juries tend to over-predict the presence of future dangerousness. In addition, â€Å"between 21% and 32% of jurors stated that their deliberations focused on the issue of future dangerousness extensively even when the prosecution failed to raise the issue.†(William W Berry, 2010) In fact, even practicing physicians have a very low probability of predicting future dangerous so it’s hard to see how a jury can do it accurately. This view of deterrence as in regards to Future dangerousness, compared with the first, has a more tangible way of  proving right or wrong. For instance, in the ring v. Arizona trial, Justice Breyer shared the following reasons why incapacitation could not justify the use of Capital Punishment: â€Å"Few offenders sentenced to life without parole (as an alternative to death) commit further crimes†. She also goes on to cite two studies proving her point; (1) â€Å"studies find average repeat murder rate of .002% among murderers whose death sentences were commuted; † and (2) â€Å"of the Furman-Commuted Inmates: 98% did not kill again either in prison or in free society.† (William W Berry, 2010) The fact that very little criminals that have been released from death row actually kill again, coupled with the poss ible replacement with the less controversial Life without the possibility of parole(LWOP), can make for a great rational for the abolishment of Capital Punishment. The rising cost of Capital Punishment. The cost of placing one person through the Capital Punishment system in some states like California can be as high as 100 Million Dollars. That same person could have been placed in a regular cell for 40 years and the state would still come out ahead. (schmalleger, 2011) Also in some states where the death penalty is not in use the state are still paying millions of dollars In taxes towards the death penalty. With the rising cost of prisons due to overcrowding and lack of funding, it may be only a matter of time before the death penalty becomes too expensive to implement. It would pay dividends to the local law enforcement, community based reform programs, and the economy as a whole if we abolish the death penalty and adopt the sentence of LWOP in its place. Conclusion To progress as a civilized nation and fully comply with international human rights laws. We need to stop murdering our civilians. Even if there was a way to eliminate all risk of erroneous executions of innocent people, we would still be committing murder by executing the criminal. The government takes the responsibility of these deaths away from the executioner and the physicians, but the government is just the culmination of the will of the people, so in turn, we the people are murdering our neighbors if we let this continue. Also, the system is terribly imbalanced. A majority of the nation’s death sentences come from a handful of counties. In turn, someone could commit the exact same type of murder on opposite sides of a state’s  borders, and one will receive the death penalty while the other will be free in about 40 years. There is also a high level of racial disparity amongst the death penalty. A person is more likely to receive the death penalty if they murder a white man, as opposed to a black man. Also, we covered deterrence and future dangerousness. The outcome found no weight in studies showing some decrease in crime resulting from the implementation of Capital Punishment. Furthermore, future dangerousness should be completely taken out of the equation because of the implementation of LWOP mixed with solitary confinement addresses that concern. Finally, the issue of cost is addressed. Cost should never be a deciding factor in whether someone lives or dies, but in our current troubled economy, the death penalty may enter the chopping block in due to the high costs associated with it. I would much rather see it being abolished all together than to see someone’s trial get improper handling due to cutting previously slim corners. Bibliography Baik, E. (2012). Gender, Religion and National Origin: Latinos’ Attitude toward Capital Punishment. Journal of Social Sciences (15493652), 8(1), 79-84. Science Publications. Retrieved from http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=74485107site=eds-live Ehrlich, I. (1975), â€Å"The Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment: A Question of Life and Death,† American Economic Review 65: 468-474. GavrilÃ… ¡, A. N. (2011). SHOULD THE DEATH PENALTY BE ABOLISHED? ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST THE CENTURIES-OLD PUNISHMENT. Journal for Communication Culture, 2(2), 82-98. Institute for Communication Culture. Retrieved from http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ufhAN=68630937site=eds-live Gray, J. P. (2011). ESSAY: FACING FACTS ON THE DEATH PENALTY. Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, 44(3), S255-S264. Loyola of Los Angeles School of Law. Retrieved from http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=67352324site=eds-live Greenfield, L. A. (1991). Capital Punishment 1990, 15. Retrieved from http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=131648 Hayes-Harb, R., Masuda, K. (2008). Development of the Ability to Lexically Encode Novel Second Language Phonemic Contrasts. Second Language Research, 24(5), 5-33. DOI: 10.1177/0267658307082980. Heller, D. (2011, July 06). NEW VOICES: Author of Californias Expanded Death Penalty Law Now Supports Repeal. Retrieved from Death Penalty Information Center: http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/new-voices-author-californias-expanded-death-penalty-law-now-supports-repeal Roko, E. (2010). FINALITY, HABEAS, INNOCENCE, AND THE DEATH PENALTY: CAN JUSTICE BE DONE? Washington Law Review, 85(1), 107-129. Washington Law Review. Retrieved from http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=48871624site=eds-live Schmalleger, F. (2011). Criminal Justice Today. Upper saddle river: prenice hall. William W Berry, I. (2010). Ending Death by Dangerousness A Path to the De Facto Abolition of the Death Penalty. Arizona Law Review, 52, 889. Copyright (c) 2010 Arizona Board of Regents. Retrieved from http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=edslexAN=edslexF5E3C687site=eds-live Viscusi, W.K. (1993), â€Å"The Value of Risks to Life and Health,† Journal of Economic Literature 31: 1912-1946. Weber, A., Cutler, A. (2004). Lexical competition in non-native spoken-word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language, 50, 1-25. DOI: 10.1016/S0749-596X(03)00105-0. Furman v. Georgia 408 U.S. 238 (1972).

Mosquito repellent

Mosquito repellent INTRODUCTION Mosquito Repellent is the product which protects mainly human beings from the deadly mosquitoes. Before proceeding about the mosquito repellent and about its usage and all, let us first analyze what is mosquito and repellent. Mosquito is a common flying insect that is found around the world. There are about 3,500 species of mosquitoes. They have a pair of scaled wings, a pair of halters, a slender body, and six long legs. The females of most mosquito species suck blood from other animals, which has made them the deadliest disease vector known, killing millions of people over thousands of years and continuing to kill millions per year by the spread of infectious diseases. Repellent is a substance applied to skin, clothing or other surfaces which discourages insects from landing or climbing on that surface mainly human beings. There are so many different kinds of mosquito repellents are available in the market which helps in protecting human beings from deadly infectious diseases. Mosquito Development Process: Mosquitoes go through four stages in their life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult or imago. The first three stages are aquatic and last 5–14 days, depending on the species and the ambient temperature. The adult females can live up to a month (or more in captivity) but most probably do not live more than 1–2 weeks in nature. After drinking blood, adult females can lay a raft of 50-300 eggs per oviposition. Anopheles, Ochlerotatus and Aedes, as well as many other genera, do not make egg rafts but lay eggs singly. Culex, Culiseta, and Anopheles lay eggs directly on the water surface and Anopheles are unique in having floats on either side. Eggs are not resistant to drying and hatch within 2–3 days, although hatching may take up to 2–3 weeks in colder climates. In other mosquitos such as Aedes, the female lays her eggs on damp soil that will be flooded by water, typically near a stagnant pool. However, any open container containing water will suffice for larvae development, even with less than 30 ml (one fluid ounce) of water in. Aedes can also breed in running water, so stagnant pools of water are not its only breeding sites. With Haemagogus, the adults tend to live in the canopy of forests; the female lays eggs in between layers of tree bark or in cut bamboo. The eggs adhere to the surface and when submerged by rain water quickly develop into larva. The duration from egg to adult varies considerably among species and is strongly influenced by ambient temperature. Mosquitoes can develop from egg to adult in as little as 5 days but usually take 10–14 days in tropical conditions. The variation of the body size in adult mosquitoes depends on the density of the larval population and food supply within the breeding water. Adult flying mosquitoes frequently rest in grass, shrubbery or other foliage. Mosquitoes Diseases Mosquitoes are a vector agent that carries disease-causing viruses and parasites from person to person without catching the disease themselves. Mosquitoes are estimated to transmit disease to more than 700 million people annually in Africa, South America, Central America, Mexico and much of Asia with millions of resulting deaths. Methods used to prevent the spread of disease, or to protect individuals in areas where disease is endemic include Vector control aimed at mosquito eradication, disease prevention, using prophylactic drugs and developing vaccines and prevention of mosquito bites, with insecticides, nets and repellents. Since most such diseases are carried by elderly females, scientists have suggested focusing on these to avoid the evolution of resistance. Everybody knows about the problems caused by mosquitoes.† Different kinds of diseases are spread by mosquitoes. Some viral diseases are chikun gunia, dengue fever and serious disease such as malaria are spread by mosquitoes even if we are not bothered with these diseases its very irritating experience, with mosquitoes biting here and there. To get rid of these problems we are using mosquito repellents. DIFFERENT TYPES OF MOSQUITO REPELLENTS There are so many different types of repellents are available in the market. All these repellents help us to protect from different types of mosquitoes to come nearby us and spread various diseases. The various forms of repellent are as follows: COIL LIQUID MAT SPRAY CREAM MESH NET ELECTRICAL BATS AND OTHERS. In most of the Asian countries such as India, Pakistan, srilanka and others, use mostly the traditional coil to the large effect. Slowly, the shift has been seen drifting from coil to other forms of mosquito repellents such as mosquito mats, liquids, and spray although the coil still dominates the sales chart. Potential market for Mosquito Repellent In Indian market there is always a high potential market value for mosquito repellent because of large number of diseases are caused due to the mosquito biting. Earlier people use to get satisfied without using mosquito repellent to protect themselves from fatal mosquitoes but now with the development taking place everywhere, people have realized that it is better to choose mosquito repellents than going for medical treatment for various diseases such as malaria, dengue, HIV etc. Mostly in developing and underdeveloped countries, mosquitoes are the main concern for millions of people living in these countries because countries such as India who is still developing has a lot of work to cover such as pit, dug, poor sewerage, open drainages, untidy surroundings, not properly cleaned atmosphere, road side dusty locations, where people does not bother to throw or spit anywhere in the world are the concerns which let mosquitoes take birth and grow to irritate and cause so many fatal diseases. Keeping all these aspects in mind, one can easily analyze how potential the mosquito repellent in Indian market is. The best thing is it is easily available at almost all the shop and its cost is also very low depending on the products starting from Rs 1.50 onwards. Usage of Mosquito Repellent Customers in Indian Market With over 255 species of mosquitoes, who are responsible for spreading diseases such as malaria and dengue fever? India has a large and growing market for mosquito repellents. Many methods are used in households for dealing with the mosquito menace. In spite of the pervasiveness of the mosquito problem, the use of repellents in India is fairly low. It is estimated that only 16.4% of the households in all urban areas and 22.6% in the metros use mosquito repellents. The figure for the rural areas is even lower, at only 6.9%. In terms of value, the mat segment was the largest (51%), followed by coils (21%) and vaporizers (7%). Coils were the first mosquito repellents to be introduced in the Indian market. The first brand of coils was Tortoise, launched by Bombay Chemicals Ltd. (BCL) in the 1970s. Until 1994, Tortoise remained the market leader in its segment, with a 67% market share. Different Types Of Mosquito Repellent Brands Available In Indian Market Godrej Sara Lee Ltd. Reckitt Benckiser Ltd. Balsara Pvt Ltd. Karamchand Appliances Pvt Ltd. Miracle Cosmetic Product. Baygon Bombay Chemicals Ltd etc. Famous Brands available in Indian Market Godrej Sara Lee Ltd: Godrej Sara Lee is a joint venture company between the Godrej Group, India and Sara Lee Corporation, USA. They are the worlds largest manufacturers of home insecticides. This company is committed to the research and manufacture of quality household insecticides, and holds a substantial market share in the domestic market, with some of the most popular brands like GoodKnight, Jet, Hit and Banish, which have become generic with mosquito repellants today. With values and traditions that stem from the principles on which the foundations of two great conglomerates, Godrej and Sara Lee, were laid, they are able to offer world-class products and services to the Indian and global consumer. Reckitt Benckiser: sells its products in 180 countries and has operations in 60 countries across all continents. Balsara Home products: has introduced Odomos Mosquito Repellent Lotion. It is a unique mosquito repellent with a lovely lingering perfume. The soft, mild and completely safe lotion can be used even on a babys tender skin. It is available in easy to use flip top bottle, keeps your skin soft and free from mosquitoes. Karamchand Appliances Private Limited (KAPL): is perhaps not a familiar name for the average Indian consumer. However, KAPLs brand All Out is very well-known. In fact, the name All Out is almost a generic name for Liquid Vaporizers (vaporizers), a segment of the Rs 4 billion 1 (in 1999) mosquito repellant industry in India. KAPL was almost solely responsible for creating this segment. Within a decade of its launch, All Out had converted a large number of customers into vaporizer users, and had also established itself as the market leader in the segment, with a 69 percent market share in 1999. The success of KAPL is particularly noteworthy, considering the fact that it was a small family-owned company that managed to wrest market share from corporate giants such as Godrej Sara Lee Ltd (GSLL) and Hindustan Lever Ltd. (HLL) with strong, established brands such as Good Knight, Jet, Tortoise, Baygon and Mortein, amidst stiff competition. Miracle Cosmetic products: have introduced Net Mosquito Coil in Andhra Pradesh and it is rapidly developing as a national product. Customers have accepted the new brand which is able to satisfy the customers to protect from fatalmosquitoes. They offer different kinds of mosquito coil such as small size green color round shape coil, large size red color round shape coil, hexagon type coil as well and many other such as family pack which consists of 30 coils in one box. I describe here Net Mosquito coil, though all coils are basically same with same ingredients and similar packing with similar action.  «Ã‚ « WHY NET PLUS MOSQUITO COIL REFERRED?  »Ã‚ » Jet and Mortein coils are definitely the most preferred brand that has high recall value and highly loyal customers. But with such homogenous products, I wanted to try other products to kind of test its efficacy. One such upcoming brand was NET PLUS by MIRACLE COSMETIC PRODUCTS. I liked their advertisements that pictured hungry mosquitoes on the cover of the coil box that were frustrated and fallen down by the effect of lit Net Plus coil. It appealed a lot to my sadistic mind.  « THE PACKING  »Ã‚ » it comes in a square box with black and red colors. It has a picture of an inverted dead mosquito zapped by a lightening, within which the words â€Å"NET PLUS in Big Bold red and blue color followed by the words strikes even hidden mosquitoes are printed. The pack with 12 coils has a price of Rs 22 MRP. On backside, is a huge white and yellow rhombus with words â€Å"POISON written? Besides there is a mention of chemicals used. Unlike Odomos, the instructions to use the coils are on the packing. The leaflet inside is a tiny piece of paper and it has instructions of usage, Precautions to be taken and First Aid and Antidotes if ingested. But this is crammed in 3 languages in a font letters. The coils come in plastic bag within and a coil stand. The coils come in 6 groups of two, and separating these coils without breaking them requires special skills.  «Ã‚ « THE COILS  »Ã‚ »unlike most other coils that are green in color, Net Plus has reddish brown color, which stands out as u nique. Another aspect is that while others smell bad, this one has a pleasant smell. Also after burning, while other coils tend to suffocate the users, Net Plus coils surprisingly are not suffocating but on the contrary smell good. Another striking feature is that while Tortoise, Odomos etc burn faster, this one burns slowly and steadily, staying for nearly 10 hours, making it the most effective coil available. Moreover the smoke spreads fairly in the room creating virtually a wider mosquito free zone. Chemicals used while most other coils use Allethrin (0.2% w/w), this one uses a slight variant the d-trans Allethrin (0.1% w/w) which is more toxic to insects. Allethrin is a pyrethroid, a synthetic compound that has stomach and respiratory action and paralyzes insects before killing them. I have seen a mosquito that had fallen on the floor literally struggling to survive and then lying still, struggling again and so on and ultimately fall to its side with legs twitching and then die. Allethrin is also toxic to humans and should be kept out of reach of children. It sho uld not be stored in kitchen. Every time one uses it, he/she should wash hands with soap. «Ã‚ « USAGE »Ã‚ » The coil is spiral. The center has a notch and has can be fixed to a sharp pointed edge of coil stand. This stand has a groove where broken coils can be attached. We burn the coil and then place it in the center of the room, under a fan, in the evenings, and with window in open condition for ventilation and to drive away mosquitoes while ensuring that outside ones dont risk coming in. I would advise keep this arrangement in a plate or tray so as to collect the ash that remains after burning the coil  «Ã‚ « OVERALL  »Ã‚ ». If you have to use a coil, I highly recommend you to try Net Plus coils. I am sure you wont be disappointed. I see only the new Herbal Tortoise coils that claim to be safer for children as the sole competitor. Repellent Side Effects 12% of people who are using regularly mosquito coils are prone to serious diseases. Allergy is also common among them. Most of the coils which emit smoke contain a very harmful pesticide called DDT. DDT is a highly poisons substance which has to be eradicated from earth itself. Pyrethrum, allethrin is some of the substances which are contained in mosquito coils. Pyrethrum produced is highly harmful to human beings and leads to respiratory diseases. The allethrin which is contained in mosquito coils can affect the brain growth of children. It is strictly advised that pregnant ladies should not use mosquito coils. Mosquito coils and insecticides are to be avoided strictly. But because of this we cannot bear the mosquito bite. Here are some safety measures which we can implement at home. The ventilations and doors can be provided with nets inside the house. This will prevent mosquitoes to enter the house. Provide your bed with a mosquito net during evening or specially while sleeping time. Its better to use lotions to avoid mosquitoes than mosquito coils. Its very important to be aware of these facts and we should try our level best to help our family and friends to lead a healthy lifestyle. Mosquitoes are estimated to transmit disease to more than 700 million people annually in Africa, South America, Central America, Mexico and much of Asia with millions of resulting deaths. The best way to eliminate all mosquitoes is to find their leader and bite it. Ridiculous as it may sound but this is what a kid came up with when we questioned them during one of our awareness drive in the last year. Well, on a more serious tone, best way is to kill their larvae by means of adding chemicals and toxics in puddles and non-flowing stagnant water. Though we would leave this act to Pest Control or Municipal Corporation (in my case), what we could do at our end is to keep our surroundings clean and tell others around to do the same. Yet, however much we try; these pesky warriors come in throng and attack us while we are sleeping. We may be quick to squash a few of them with our hands, but that leaves our hands dirty with blood stains and is definitely not a wise solution. and besides, what if we go out on camps or to some other locality, say, a hostel. What then? The answer is coils. I remember my grandmother burn the fibrous remains of a coconut in a vessel in the evening hours when the mosquitoes wake up for their breakfast. The result would be a smoky house but yes, it would definitely choke the mosquitoes away. But it would also suffocate us. The mosquito coils are built on a simi lar concept. Tortoise was the first brand that introduced such coils in India and is still quite a famous household name. It does have some competition from Mortein, Jet, and Odomos (famous for skin ointment) and now miracle cosmetic products have introduced into the mosquito repellent industry. DATA ANALYSIS Facts and Figures about Malaria, Dengue, Yellow fever Do you know, that 40 million people suffer from mosquito diseases annually in India. 2 million cases of malaria alone are reported in India. India spends around 100 million dollars on malaria. Malaria, dengue and yellow fever are the result of low hygiene sanitation and poor insect control. Insects The disease they cause- Mosquitoes Malaria, dengue fever, brain fever, filariasis, yellow fever Cockroaches Cholera, dysentery, typhoid, T.B. and leprosy Houseflies Cholera, dysentery, typhoid, T.B. Bed Bugs Skin diseases PRECAUTIONS Firstly you shouldnt allow water to stagnate, as this forms a breeding ground for malarias deadly carriers, the anopheles mosquitoes. At community level, water shouldnt be allowed to stagnate and all such site should be drained, covered with DDT. At home, you should change water in flowerpots, buckets, coolers etc at least twice a week. Mosquito nets and door screens also help. While these methods are useful they are neither convenient nor useful. Mosquito repellants like mats, coils, refills, etc should be regularly used to keep mosquitoes away. Dengue Fever is an acute infectious viral disease usually affecting infants and young children. It is characterized by fever during the initial phase and other symptoms like headache, pain in the eye, joint pain and muscle pain, followed by signs of bleeding such as red tiny spots on the skin, nosebleed and gum-bleed. If there is blood in the stools and/or blood in the vomit and accompanied by shock, this is called Dengue Shock Syndrome and is often fatal. Aedes, Aegypti, the transmitter of the disease is a day-biting mosquito that lays eggs in clear water containers, such as flower vases, cans, rain barrels, old rubber tires, etc. The adult mosquitoes rest in dark places of the house. Regarding safety with insect repellent use on children and pregnant women: Children may be at greater risk for adverse reactions to repellents, in part, because their exposure may be greater. Keep repellents out of the reach of children. Do not allow children to apply repellents to themselves. Use only small amounts of repellent on children. Do not apply repellents to the hands of young children because this may result in accidental eye contact or ingestion. Try to reduce the use of repellents by dressing children in long sleeves and long pants tucked into boots or socks whenever possible. Use netting over strollers, playpens, etc. As with chemical exposures in general, pregnant women should take care to avoid exposures to repellents when practical, as the fetus may be vulnerable. Regardless of which repellent product used, it is recommended that the label is read before use and directions carefully followed. Usage instructions for repellents vary from country to country. Some insect repellents are not recommended for use on younger children. Mosquito Preventive Measures Some mosquito problems can be eliminated by local residents. This could possibly reduce the number of costly applications during the season, especially in a cooperative effort. The preventative measures are as follows: Clean and maintain catch basins that hold water. Collect and properly discard all useless artificial containers such as cans bottles and old tire casings etc. Cover or turn over other containers such as boats, barrels, tubs and tanks. Inspect and clean rain gutters and down spouts regularly Fill or drain low places where water may accumulate and stand for more than one week. Properly maintain backyard swimming pools. Objectives of the study Study the customers awareness and behavior after the usage of the product offered to him or her. To draw out the customer satisfaction levels. To build a good customer relationship. To take care necessary measure to improve goods and services offered to customer. To compare satisfaction of the company vis-à  -vis major competitors. To minimize the side effects of the mosquito repellent as this is suffocating stuff. To develop such a strong brand of repellent as it will be helpful to protect from mosquitoes and reduce or minimize the diseases caused by the mosquitoes. Customer satisfaction A thorough understanding of the fast changing â€Å"consumer behavior†, is the new market segments and product opportunities along with sensitivity to changing customer needs, form the core of Mosquito repellent marketing strategy and philosophy. In India, we essentially have a completely â€Å"customer-driven approach.† A nation-wide dealer network comprising of over thousands of dealers, franchise holders for mosquito repellent, ensures convenient access to the companies products across the country. With a deep sense of belonging to the Mosquito repellent fraternity, the companys dealer network has catalyzed growth and acted as a strong bridge between the customers and the companies. The respective companies have undertaken a steady up gradation of technologies and methods, there has been diversifications and setting up of newer establishments to meet stringent international standards. DELIVERING HIGH CUSTOMER VALUE The key to generating high customer loyalty is to deliver high customer value. According to Michael Jose, in his delivering profitable value, a company must design a competitively superior value proposition aimed at a specific market segment, becked by a superior value delivery system. â€Å"The value proposition consists of the whole cluster of benefits the company promises to deliver, it is more than the core positioning of the offering. For example, Volvos core positioning is â€Å"safety â€Å" but the buyer is promised more than just a safe car, other benefits include a long-lasting car, good service, and along warranty period. Basically, the value proposition is a statement about the resulting experience customers will gain from the companies market offering and from their relationship with the supplier. The brand must represent a promise about the total experience customers can expect. Whether the promise is kept depends on the companys ability to manage its value delivery system. The value delivery system includes all the experiences the customer will have on the way to obtaining and using the offering. DEFINING CUSTOMER VALUE AND SATISFACTION Over 38 years ago, Peter Ducker observed that a companys first task is to create customers, â€Å"however, customers face a vast array of product and brand choices, prices, and suppliers. How do they make their choices? CUSTOMER PERCEIVED VALUE Our premise is that customers will buy from the firm that they see as offering the highest perceived value. Customers perceived value (CPV) is the difference between the prospective customers evaluation of all the benefits and all the costs of an offering and the perceived alternatives. Total customer value is the perceived monetary value of the bundle of economic, functional, and psychological benefits customers expect from a given market offering. Total customer cost is the bundle of costs customers expect to incur in evaluating, obtaining, using, and disposing of the given market offering. Delivering customer value and satisfaction In a hyper competitive economy with increasingly rational buyers, a company can only win by creating and delivering superior value. This involves the following five capabilities: undemanding customer value: creating customer value, delivering customer value, capturing customer value, and sustaining customer value. To succeed, companies need to use the concepts of value chain and a value-delivery network. Value chain Michael Procter of Harvard university proposed the value chain as a tool for identifying ways to create more customer value _ is a synthesis of activities that are performed to design produce market, deliver, and support its product. The value chain identifies nice strategically relevant activities that create value and cost in a specific business. These nine value –creating activities. These core business processes include: The market sensing process: All the activities involved in gathering market intelligence, disseminating, in within the organization, and acting on the information. The new offering realization process: All the activities involved in researching, developing, and launching new high-quality offerings quickly and within budget. The customer acquisition process: All the activities involved in defining target markets and prospecting for new customers. The customer relationship management process: All the activities involved in building deeper understanding, relationships, and offerings to individual customers. The fulfillment management process: All the activities involved in receiving and approving orders, shipping the goods on time, and collecting payment. SATISFYING CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS Studies of customer dissatisfaction show that customers are dissatisfied with their purchases about 25% of the time but that only about 5% complaint. The other 95% either feel complaining is not worth the effort, or they do not know how or to whom to complain. Of the 5% who complain, only about 50% report a satisfactory problem resolution. Yet the need to resolve a customer problem in a satisfactory manner is critical. On an average, a satisfied customer tells three people about a good product experience, but the average dissatisfied customer gripes to 11 people. If each of them tells the other people, the number of people exposed to bad word of mouth may grow exponentially. NEED FOR SURVEY Need For Survey â€Å"The only job security to anybody in the company comes from quality, productivity and satisfied customers.† – Philip Kotler. The above statement signifies the importance of the customer satisfaction for any business to become successful. This aspect gains the more significance with regard to. NEEDS AND GOALS FOR CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Most of the Marketers see the goal of Marketing as that maximizing not consumption but also customer satisfaction. Every company exists because the goods or services produced by the company should satisfy the needs of customers. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION The basic method adopted in conducting the study is a structured questionnaire. Questionnaire is administrated in the sample respondents. However, there are certain cases where personal interactive method is followed with customer to find out the service satisfaction level. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Many organizations have got a clue how the customers perceive the goods and services. Firstly, customer may buy a given products or services simply because there is no other option and they would prefer to purchase what you are offering them to go with out altogether. Secondly, the fact that a product of services may be accepted does not mean that it will continue to sell. Competitors may see opportunity customer exceptions may change customer tastes may move on, if standard do not rise and products and services evolve, and then downwards sales will appear. A worse situation arises when the organization has not got a clue of the customers perceptions. Another situation is when the organization does not have a clue of their customers perceptions and dont cares either the organization may believe that it is a monopoly situation and its customers cannot go elsewhere. Some organizations believe that it knows best that customers should want and therefore supply them with a centrally designed product. If resultant product of services has deceits, then it is perceived to be a problem for the customers. Some organizations solicit customer feedback or get it anyway whether they like it of not and then do nothing about it. Finally, we come to the point where we realize how important customer feedback in the case of an organization which helps the organizations to determine how effectively it is serving the customer and determine customer satisfaction? This feedback answers the following questions to find out. Who is our customer? When are they